When to Call 911

Written By Elisa Hall

A person should call 911 or 988 in a mental health emergency when there is an immediate risk to the individual's safety or the safety of others. Some specific situations that warrant calling emergency services include:

1. Risk of Self-Harm or Suicide:

  • If someone expresses thoughts of harming themselves or attempts self-injury or suicide, it’s critical to call 911 immediately. This includes situations where the person has access to dangerous objects (e.g., knives, firearms) or a clear plan for self-harm.

    • If you or someone you know is experiencing a mental health crisis, call or text the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline (dial 988). Support is offered in both English and Spanish.

    • Behavioral Health Network Crisis Services (24 hours per day): Call 413-301-9355

2. Risk of Harm to Others:

  • If someone is acting in a violent or threatening manner towards others or is in danger of harming someone else, it’s important to call 911. This may include physical aggression, threats of violence, or other harmful behavior.

3. Severe Disorientation or Hallucinations:

  • If a person is experiencing severe confusion, delusions, or hallucinations that make them unable to function or recognize reality, 911 should be called. This is particularly important if the person seems to be unaware of danger or is engaging in dangerous behavior due to their mental state.

4. Severe Panic Attack or Anxiety Crisis:

  • While panic attacks or anxiety crises are typically not life-threatening, if the person is unable to calm down, experiencing extreme distress, or if they feel like they are physically dying (e.g., chest pain, difficulty breathing), it may be necessary to call 911 for immediate help.

5. Severe Agitation or Aggression:

  • If someone is extremely agitated, violent, or aggressive to the point that they cannot be safely de-escalated by others, and there is potential for harm, calling 911 ensures that emergency responders can assist in managing the situation safely.

6. Drug or Alcohol Overdose:

  • If a person is under the influence of drugs or alcohol and exhibits concerning behavior (e.g., unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, unresponsiveness), 911 should be called immediately. Mental health crises combined with substance use require urgent medical attention.

7. A Sudden Change in Behavior:

  • If a person suddenly exhibits drastic changes in behavior, mood, or personality (for example, they become highly manic, aggressive, or paranoid), and there is a possibility of them engaging in dangerous actions, calling 911 can provide immediate assistance.

8. If You Are Unsure of What to Do:

  • If you’re unsure whether the situation requires 911, it’s always better to err on the side of caution. Calling for help ensures that trained professionals can assess the situation and provide the appropriate support, even if it turns out to be less severe than initially thought.

Elisa Hall